Last decade has given witness of development in the area of speech processing (speech codec). A codec is nothing but telephony networks employ a system of coders and decoders which is used to reduce bandwidth requirements over limited capacity channels in real-time communications. The codec takes a speech signal which is analog in nature from an input source (ex. Microphone) and converts the analog signal into a digital format that can be transmitted across a packet network. In this review article, we have provided details of various methodologies for speech coding (speech codec) with emphasis on those methods and algorithms which are part of a recent development of communications specifically for speech processing. We have specifically focused on G.7xx series of ITU-T standards for speech codec. The G.7xx recommendations are generally used in digital communication, specifically used for the coding of analog signals into digital signals. The G.7xx family of standards is comprised of speech and audio codec that are primarily used in cellular telephony and Internet telephony, VoIP communications and audio-visual teleconferencing. This review paper is not only providing the references to beginners but also gives the detail information about coders.
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